9.1 Directional Adverbs:
9.1.1 Form: Coptic has a set of directional adverbs that corresponds closely to English adverbs such as, 'up, down, over, in, out', etc. They are frequently used to modify the meaning of the verb. The following is a list of the most commonly used adverbs:
ebol | out, away | epec/t | down |
eqoun | in | evahou | back, backward |
ehr/i | up | epswi | upward |
9.1.2 Uses: These adverbs can be used alone, as follows:
afse ebol | he went away |
afi eqoun | he came in |
afvwt evahou | he ran back |
But frequently they are combined with simple prepositions to form a compound prepositional phrase, as follows:
ebol e- out to, away to ehr/i e- up to ebol qen out of, from ehr/i ejen up unto ebol hi away from epec/t e- down to, down into ebol hiten through, through the agency of epec/t ejen down on evahou e- back to eqoun e- to, into, toward9.2 Conjunction in Verbal Sentences: Clauses containing the first perfect may be coordinated with the conjuctive 'ouoh' 'and', or it may follow one another without a conjuctive, as follows:
a.f.hemci ouoh a.f.rimi | he sat down and he wept |
a.f.hemci a.f.rimi | he sat down (and) he wept |
ehoou | m. | day | mou | m. | death |
mvoou | adv. | today | oube | prep. | against |
kahi | m. | earth, ground | sai | m. | festival, feast |
menenca | prep | after | swpi | vb. | to become, happen |
menencwc | afterward | --- mmo= | vb. | to happen to | |
mou | vb. | to die | hiten | prep. | through, by agency of |
--- eybe | vb. | to die from |
Greek Nouns
de | conj. | but, however, and | cunagwg/ | f. | synagogue |
A | 1. | hiten nek.sl/l | 4. | ebol qen ].polic |
2. | oube nen.cn/ou | 5. | hiten nef.caji | |
3. | ebol hiten pai.mwit | |||
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